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PHP的json_encode使用分析说明

发布时间:2022-02-13 14:08 所属栏目:121 来源:互联网
导读:json的优点就不说了,有个习惯,我在输出json的时候,喜欢用 sprintf 拼成json格式,前两天被朋友说不标准,必须要用json_encode生成的才是标准的json格式,我当然很郁闷啦,用了这么多年了,刚知道这样做不标准,既然说我不标准,那什么才是标准的json格式?代码如下:
  json的优点就不说了,有个习惯,我在输出json的时候,喜欢用 sprintf 拼成json格式,前两天被朋友说不标准,必须要用json_encode生成的才是标准的json格式,我当然很郁闷啦,用了这么多年了,刚知道这样做不标准,既然说我不标准,那什么才是标准的json格式?代码如下:
 
  {a : 'abc'} {'a' : 'abc'} {a : "abc"} {"a" : "abc"}
 
  谁都知道,只有第四种才是标准的json格式,我这么做,代码如下:
 
  $ret_json='{"%s":"%s"}';echo json_encode($ret_json,"a","abc");
 
  必然也符合标准,既然如此,那我就要刨根问底,json_encode生成的json格式究竟有什么不同?
 
  实例代码如下:
 
  static PHP_FUNCTION(json_encode)
  {
          zval *parameter;
          smart_str buf = {0};
          long options = 0;
  
          if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "z|l", ¶meter, &options) == FAILURE) {
                  return;//开源代码Cuoxin.com
          }   
  
          JSON_G(error_code) = PHP_JSON_ERROR_NONE;
  
          php_json_encode(&buf, parameter, options TSRMLS_CC);
  
          ZVAL_STRINGL(return_value, buf.c, buf.len, 1);
  
          smart_str_free(&buf);
  }
  JSON_G(error_code) = PHP_JSON_ERROR_NONE;
 
  是定义的json错误,该错误可以通过json_last_error函数获取,你用过吗?反正我没用过.
 
  php_json_encode是主要的操作,代码如下:
 
  PHP_JSON_API void php_json_encode(smart_str *buf, zval *val, int options TSRMLS_DC) /* {{{ */
  {
          switch (Z_TYPE_P(val))
          {
                  case IS_NULL:
                          smart_str_appendl(buf, "null", 4); //输出NULL
                          break;
  
                  case IS_BOOL:
                          if (Z_BVAL_P(val)) {
                                  smart_str_appendl(buf, "true", 4);//输出true
                          } else {
                                  smart_str_appendl(buf, "false", 5);//输出false
                          }
                          break;
  
                  case IS_LONG:
                          smart_str_append_long(buf, Z_LVAL_P(val));//输出长整形的值
                          break;
  
                  case IS_DOUBLE:
                          {
                                  char *d = NULL;
                                  int len;
                                  double dbl = Z_DVAL_P(val);
  
                                  if (!zend_isinf(dbl) && !zend_isnan(dbl)) {//非无穷尽
                                          len = spprintf(&d, 0, "%.*k", (int) EG(precision), dbl);
                                          smart_str_appendl(buf, d, len);
                                          efree(d);
                                  } else {
                                          php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "double %.9g does not conform to the JSON spec, encoded as 0", dbl);
                                          smart_str_appendc(buf, '0');
                                  }
                         }
                          break;
  
                  case IS_STRING://字符串
                          json_escape_string(buf, Z_STRVAL_P(val), Z_STRLEN_P(val), options TSRMLS_CC);
                          break;
  
                  case IS_ARRAY://数组和对象
                  case IS_OBJECT:
                          json_encode_array(buf, &val, options TSRMLS_CC);
                          break;
  
                  default:
                          php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "type is unsupported, encoded as null");
                          smart_str_appendl(buf, "null", 4);
                          break;
          }
  
          return;
  }
  很明显,根据不同的类型,会有相应的case,最复杂的是字符串 、数组 、对象这三种类型,数组和对象是同一种操作,先看看字符串吧,很长,注释直接写在代码里,代码如下:
 
  /options应该是5.3版本之后才支持的,由以下常量组成的二进制掩码:JSON_HEX_QUOT, JSON_HEX_TAG, JSON_HEX_AMP, JSON_HEX_APOS, JSON_NUMERIC_CHECK, JSON_PRETTY_PRINT, JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES, JSON_FORCE_OBJECT, JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE.虽然我没用过。。。
  static void json_escape_string(smart_str *buf, char *s, int len, int options TSRMLS_DC) /* {{{ */
  {
          int pos = 0;
          unsigned short us;
          unsigned short *utf16;
  
          if (len == 0) {//如果长度为0,则直接返回 双引号 ""
                  smart_str_appendl(buf, """", 2);
                  return;
          }
  
          if (options & PHP_JSON_NUMERIC_CHECK) {//检测是否为0-9的数字,如果是数字,那么就会直接把数据作为long或double类型返回。
                  double d;
                  int type;
                  long p;
  
                  if ((type = is_numeric_string(s, len, &p, &d, 0)) != 0) {
                          if (type == IS_LONG) {
                                  smart_str_append_long(buf, p);
                          } else if (type == IS_DOUBLE) {
                                  if (!zend_isinf(d) && !zend_isnan(d)) {
                                          char *tmp;
                                          int l = spprintf(&tmp, 0, "%.*k", (int) EG(precision), d);
                                          smart_str_appendl(buf, tmp, l);
                                          efree(tmp);
                                  } else {
                                          php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "double %.9g does not conform to the JSON spec, encoded as 0", d);
                                          smart_str_appendc(buf, '0');
                                  }
                          }
                          return;
                  }
  
          }
  
          utf16 = (unsigned short *) safe_emalloc(len, sizeof(unsigned short), 0);
          len = utf8_to_utf16(utf16, s, len); //这里会对你输入的值一次处理转成对应的Dec码,比如1是49,a是97这样的,保存到utf16中。
          if (len <= 0) {//如果len小于0 说明出错。如果用json_encode处理GBK的编码,就会在这里挂掉。
                  if (utf16) {
                          efree(utf16);
                  }
                  if (len < 0) {
                          JSON_G(error_code) = PHP_JSON_ERROR_UTF8;
                          if (!PG(display_errors)) {
                                  php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Invalid UTF-8 sequence in argument");
                          }
                          smart_str_appendl(buf, "null", 4);
                  } else {
                          smart_str_appendl(buf, """", 2);
                  }
                  return;
          }
  
          smart_str_appendc(buf, '"'); //输入 "
  
  //下面这一段代码就是将一些特殊字符转义如 双引号,反斜线等等
          while (pos < len)
          {
                  us = utf16[pos++];
  
                  switch (us)
                  {
                          case '"':
                                  if (options & PHP_JSON_HEX_QUOT) {
                                          smart_str_appendl(buf, "/u0022", 6);
                                  } else {
                                          smart_str_appendl(buf, "/"", 2);
                                  }
                                  break;
  
                          case '/':
                                  smart_str_appendl(buf, "//", 2);
                                  break;
  case '/':
                                  smart_str_appendl(buf, "//", 2);
                                  break;
  
                          case 'b':
                                  smart_str_appendl(buf, "/b", 2);
                                  break;
  
                          case 'f':
                                  smart_str_appendl(buf, "/f", 2);
                                  break;
  
                          case 'n':
                                  smart_str_appendl(buf, "/n", 2);
                                  break;
  
                          case 'r':
                                  smart_str_appendl(buf, "/r", 2);
                                  break;
  
                          case 't':
                                  smart_str_appendl(buf, "/t", 2);
                                  break;
  
                          case '<':
                                  if (options & PHP_JSON_HEX_TAG) {
                                          smart_str_appendl(buf, "/u003C", 6);
                                  } else {
                                          smart_str_appendc(buf, '<');
                                  }
                                  break;
  
                          case '>':
                                  if (options & PHP_JSON_HEX_TAG) {
                                          smart_str_appendl(buf, "/u003E", 6);
                                  } else {
                                          smart_str_appendc(buf, '>');
  }
                                  break;
  
                          case '&':
                                  if (options & PHP_JSON_HEX_AMP) {
                                          smart_str_appendl(buf, "/u0026", 6);
                                  } else {
                                          smart_str_appendc(buf, '&');
                                  }
                                  break;
  
                          case ''':
                                  if (options & PHP_JSON_HEX_APOS) {
                                          smart_str_appendl(buf, "/u0027", 6);
                                  } else {
                                          smart_str_appendc(buf, ''');
                                  }
                                  break;
  
                          default: //一直到这里,没有特殊字符就会把值append到buf中
                                  if (us >= ' ' && (us & 127) == us) {
                                          smart_str_appendc(buf, (unsigned char) us);
                                  } else {
                                          smart_str_appendl(buf, "/u", 2);
                                          us = REVERSE16(us);
  
                                          smart_str_appendc(buf, digits[us & ((1 << 4) - 1)]);
                                          us >>= 4;
                                          smart_str_appendc(buf, digits[us & ((1 << 4) - 1)]);
                                          us >>= 4;
                                          smart_str_appendc(buf, digits[us & ((1 << 4) - 1)]);
                                          us >>= 4;
                                          smart_str_appendc(buf, digits[us & ((1 << 4) - 1)]);
                                  }
                                  break;
                  }
          }
          smart_str_appendc(buf, '"'); //结束 双引号。
          efree(utf16);
  }  
  再来看看数组和对象,也很简单,代码如下:
 
  static void json_encode_array(smart_str *buf, zval **val, int options TSRMLS_DC) /* {{{ */
  {
          int i, r;
          HashTable *myht;
  
          if (Z_TYPE_PP(val) == IS_ARRAY) {
                  myht = HASH_OF(*val);
                  r = (options & PHP_JSON_FORCE_OBJECT) ? PHP_JSON_OUTPUT_OBJECT : json_determine_array_type(val TSRMLS_CC);
          } else {
                  myht = Z_OBJPROP_PP(val);
                  r = PHP_JSON_OUTPUT_OBJECT;
          }   
  
          if (myht && myht->nApplyCount > 1) {
                  php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "recursion detected");
                  smart_str_appendl(buf, "null", 4);
                  return;
          }
  //开始标签
          if (r == PHP_JSON_OUTPUT_ARRAY) {
                  smart_str_appendc(buf, '[');
          } else {
                  smart_str_appendc(buf, '{');
          }   
  
          i = myht ? zend_hash_num_elements(myht) : 0;
  
          if (i > 0)
          {
                  char *key;
                  zval **data;
                  ulong index;
                  uint key_len;
                  HashPosition pos;
                  HashTable *tmp_ht;
                  int need_comma = 0;
  
                  zend_hash_internal_pointer_reset_ex(myht, &pos);
  //便利哈希表
                  for (;; zend_hash_move_forward_ex(myht, &pos)) {
                          i = zend_hash_get_current_key_ex(myht, &key, &key_len, &index, 0, &pos);
                          if (i == HASH_KEY_NON_EXISTANT)
                                  break;
  
                          if (zend_hash_get_current_data_ex(myht, (void **) &data, &pos) == SUCCESS) {
                                  tmp_ht = HASH_OF(*data);
                                  if (tmp_ht) {
                                          tmp_ht->nApplyCount++;
                                  }
  
                                  if (r == PHP_JSON_OUTPUT_ARRAY) {
                                          if (need_comma) {
                                                  smart_str_appendc(buf, ',');
                                          } else {
                                                  need_comma = 1;
                                          }
  //将值append到 buf中
                                          php_json_encode(buf, *data, options TSRMLS_CC);
                                  } else if (r == PHP_JSON_OUTPUT_OBJECT) {
                                          if (i == HASH_KEY_IS_STRING) {
                                                  if (key[0] == '' && Z_TYPE_PP(val) == IS_OBJECT) {
                                                          /* Skip protected and private members. */
                                                          if (tmp_ht) {
                                                                  tmp_ht->nApplyCount--;
                                                          }
                                                          continue;
                                                  }
  
                                                  if (need_comma) {
                                                          smart_str_appendc(buf, ',');
                                                  } else {
                                                          need_comma = 1;
                                                  }
  
                                                  json_escape_string(buf, key, key_len - 1, options & ~PHP_JSON_NUMERIC_CHECK TSRMLS_CC);
                                                  smart_str_appendc(buf, ':');
  
                                                  php_json_encode(buf, *data, options TSRMLS_CC);
                                          } else {
                                                  if (need_comma) {
                                                          smart_str_appendc(buf, ',');
                                                  } else {
                                                          need_comma = 1;
                                                  }
  
                                                  smart_str_appendc(buf, '"');
                                                  smart_str_append_long(buf, (long) index);
                                                  smart_str_appendc(buf, '"');
                                                  smart_str_appendc(buf, ':');
  
                                                  php_json_encode(buf, *data, options TSRMLS_CC);
                                          }
                                  }
  
                                  if (tmp_ht) {
                                          tmp_ht->nApplyCount--;
                                  }
                          }
                  }
          }
  //结束标签
          if (r == PHP_JSON_OUTPUT_ARRAY) {
                  smart_str_appendc(buf, ']');
          } else {
                  smart_str_appendc(buf, '}');
          }
  }  
  通过简单分析,证明了一个问题,跟我上面用sprintf的方法其实是一样的,都是拼接字符串,而且 为了性能,更应该鼓励用sprintf来拼接json格式,因为 json_encode会进行很多循环操作,而且所消耗的性能是线性的 O(n^2).

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