青铜到王者,快速提升你 MySQL 数据库的段位!(3)
MySQL 5.7 版本的参数文件: [client] port = 3306 socket = /data/mysql/mysql.sock [mysql] prompt="\u@db \R:\m:\s [\d]> " no-auto-rehash [mysqld] user = mysql port = 3306 basedir = /usr/local/mysql datadir = /data/mysql/ socket = /data/mysql/mysql.sock character-set-server = utf8mb4 skip_name_resolve = 1 open_files_limit = 65535 back_log = 1024 max_connections = 500 max_connect_errors = 1000000 table_open_cache = 1024 table_definition_cache = 1024 table_open_cache_instances = 64 thread_stack = 512K external-locking = FALSE max_allowed_packet = 32M sort_buffer_size = 4M join_buffer_size = 4M thread_cache_size = 768 query_cache_size = 0 query_cache_type = 0 interactive_timeout = 600 wait_timeout = 600 tmp_table_size = 32M max_heap_table_size = 32M slow_query_log = 1 slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/slow.log log-error = /data/mysql/error.log long_query_time = 0.1 server-id = 3306101 log-bin = /data/mysql/mysql-binlog sync_binlog = 1 binlog_cache_size = 4M max_binlog_cache_size = 1G max_binlog_size = 1G expire_logs_days = 7 gtid_mode = on enforce_gtid_consistency = 1 log_slave_updates binlog_format = row relay_log_recovery = 1 relay-log-purge = 1 key_buffer_size = 32M read_buffer_size = 8M read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M lock_wait_timeout = 3600 explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = 1 innodb_thread_concurrency = 0 innodb_sync_spin_loops = 100 innodb_spin_wait_delay = 30 transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1024M innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 8 innodb_buffer_pool_load_at_startup = 1 innodb_buffer_pool_dump_at_shutdown = 1 innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1G:autoextend innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 innodb_log_buffer_size = 32M innodb_log_file_size = 2G innodb_log_files_in_group = 2 innodb_max_undo_log_size = 4G innodb_io_capacity = 4000 innodb_io_capacity_max = 8000 innodb_flush_neighbors = 0 innodb_write_io_threads = 8 innodb_read_io_threads = 8 innodb_purge_threads = 4 innodb_page_cleaners = 4 innodb_open_files = 65535 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 50 innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT innodb_lru_scan_depth = 4000 innodb_checksum_algorithm = crc32 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 10 innodb_rollback_on_timeout = 1 innodb_print_all_deadlocks = 1 innodb_file_per_table = 1 innodb_online_alter_log_max_size = 4G internal_tmp_disk_storage_engine = InnoDB innodb_stats_on_metadata = 0 innodb_status_file = 1 innodb_status_output = 0 innodb_status_output_locks = 0 performance_schema = 1 performance_schema_instrument = '%=on' [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 32M ——日志文件: 1. 错误日志 error log:对 mysql 启动,运行,关闭过程进行了记录。 2. 全量日志 general log:查询日志记录了所有对 mysql 数据库请求的信息,不论这些请求是否得到了正确的执行。 3. 二进制日志 binlog:记录了对数据库执行更改的所有操作。但是并不包括 select 和 show 这类操作。 4. 中继日志 relay log:主从同步,从库需要把主库传递过来的日志,记录到自己的 relay log 里面。 5. 慢查询日志 slow log:运行时间超过某值的所有 sql 语句都记录到慢查询日志文件中。 ——对数据库的表设计也要学习清楚 数据类型的选择,主要参考官方文档。 ——数据碎片的整理 产生碎片的原因: 1. 主要是因为对大表进行删除操作; 2. 其次随机方式插入新数据,可能导致辅助索引产生大量的碎片; 整理碎片的方法: 1. 备份数据表,导入导出,删除旧表 2. 执行 alter table table_name engine=innodb; ——收集统计信息 保证统计信息的准确性,才能确保我们的 sql 执行计划准确。收集方法: 1. 重启 mysql 服务 2. 遍历 tables 表 ——学习分区表 分区表的种类: 1. range 2. list 3. hash 4. key ——学习对索引的认识 大致分为: 1. 如何查看数据库中索引:show index from table_name; 2. 学会查看数据库索引的选择性:select count(distinct c1)/count(*) from table_name; 选择性越高,越适合创建索引 (编辑:ASP站长网) |